French Phonemes and Their Spellings
Tableau de phonétique française
Phoneme |
Example Spellings |
Example Words |
Vowels |
[a] |
à, â, a |
chat, pâle |
[e] |
é, e |
été |
[ɛ] |
è, ê, et, ett, elle, err, ai, aî, ei |
mère, fête, assiette, pelle, belle, terre, lait, maîtresse, neige |
[i] |
i, y |
si, livre, pyjama |
[o] |
o, ô, au, eau |
pot, fantôme, eau, chausson |
[ɔ] |
o, ô |
porte, hôtel |
[u] |
ou |
fou, route |
[y] |
u, û |
lune, mut, mûre |
[œ] |
œu, eu |
sœur, cœur, jeune |
[ø] |
eu |
peur, heureux |
[ə] |
e (unstressed) |
le, je |
Nasal Vowels |
[ɑ̃] |
an, am, en, em |
sans, temps |
[ɛ̃] |
in, im, ain, ein, ym |
pain, quinze, timbre, main, ceinture, sympathique |
[œ̃] |
un, um |
un, parfum |
[õ] |
on, om |
nom, son |
Semi-Vowels |
[j] |
i (before a vowel) |
fille, bien |
[w] |
ou (before a vowel) |
oui, poisson |
[ɥ] |
u (before i) |
huit, huître |
Consonants |
[b] |
b |
bateau, bon |
[d] |
d |
dormir, dire |
[f] |
f, ph |
fête, fin, phare |
[v] |
v, w |
voiture, vrai, wagon |
[s] |
s, c, ç, t |
si, maison, citron, leçon, attention |
[z] |
z, s |
zéro, rose |
[ʃ] |
ch |
chat, chercher |
[ʒ] |
j, g (before e, i) |
jupe, géant, gilet |
[tʃ] |
tch |
tchèque, tchatcher |
[dʒ] |
dj |
Djibouti |
[k] |
c (before a, o, u), k |
car, king |
[g] |
g (before a, o, u) |
gomme, gare |
[l] |
l |
lire, belle |
[m] |
m |
mère, homme |
[n] |
n |
nom, bien |
[ɲ] |
gn, ni |
montagne, panier |
[ŋ] |
ng (in loanwords) |
parking |
[p] |
p |
pain, papa |
[t] |
t |
temps, tous |
[ʁ] |
r |
rue, rouge |
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