Lista de verbos en alemán
Indikativ
Präsens
Präteritum
Perfekt
Plusquamperfekt
Futur I
Futur II
Konjunktiv I
Präsens
Konjuntiv II
Futur I (Condicional simple)
Imperativ Präsens
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1. AUXILIARY + SEMI-AUXILIARY VERBS (MOST IMPORTANT)
These are absolutely foundational.
| Verb | Meaning | Why important |
|---|---|---|
| sein | to be | auxiliary + existence |
| haben | to have | auxiliary + possession |
| werden | to become / will | future + passive |
| tun | to do | colloquial emphasis |
| lassen | to let / have done | causative structures |
| bleiben | to stay | common state verb |
| scheinen | to seem | opinion/perception |
| gelten | to be considered | formal/high frequency |
| brauchen | to need | often modal-like |
| pflegen | to tend to | habitual action |
| drohen | to threaten to | semi-modal use |
2. MODAL VERBS (MUST KNOW)
These completely change sentence structure.
| Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| können | can |
| müssen | must |
| wollen | to want |
| sollen | should / supposed to |
| dürfen | may / allowed to |
| mögen | to like |
| möchten | would like |
3. THE “MEGA FREQUENT” VERBS
You’ll hear these constantly.
| Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| machen | to do/make |
| gehen | to go |
| kommen | to come |
| geben | to give |
| sehen | to see |
| finden | to find |
| wissen | to know (facts) |
| kennen | to know (people/places) |
| denken | to think |
| sagen | to say |
| sprechen | to speak |
| reden | to talk |
| fragen | to ask |
| antworten | to answer |
| arbeiten | to work |
| brauchen | to need |
| leben | to live |
| wohnen | to live/reside |
| spielen | to play |
| lernen | to learn |
| verstehen | to understand |
| glauben | to believe |
| meinen | to mean/opine |
| helfen | to help |
| zeigen | to show |
| hören | to hear |
| fühlen | to feel |
| halten | to hold |
| stellen | to place (upright) |
| legen | to lay |
| setzen | to set/sit something |
| sitzen | to sit |
| stehen | to stand |
| liegen | to lie/be located |
4. THE “UNLOCKER” VERBS
These are GOLD because they create MANY derived verbs.
NEHMEN (one of the BEST)
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| mitnehmen | take along |
| annehmen | accept |
| aufnehmen | record/admit |
| unternehmen | undertake |
| übernehmen | take over |
| abnehmen | lose weight/remove |
| zunehmen | gain weight/increase |
| teilnehmen | participate |
Base verb: nehmen = take
KOMMEN
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ankommen | arrive |
| mitkommen | come along |
| zurückkommen | come back |
| rauskommen | come out |
| vorkommen | occur |
| bekommen | receive |
| umkommen | die/perish |
Base: kommen = come
GEHEN
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ausgehen | go out |
| eingehen | go in/respond |
| mitgehen | go along |
| untergehen | sink/set |
| vorgehen | proceed |
| weggehen | leave |
| zurückgehen | go back |
Base: gehen = go
GEBEN
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| angeben | indicate/show off |
| abgeben | hand in |
| aufgeben | give up |
| eingeben | enter/type |
| ausgeben | spend |
| mitgeben | give along |
| vergeben | forgive/award |
Base: geben = give
STELLEN
VERY productive.
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| vorstellen | introduce/imagine |
| darstellen | portray |
| herstellen | manufacture |
| feststellen | determine |
| einstellen | hire/adjust |
| bestellen | order |
| abstellen | turn off |
| anstellen | employ/do nonsense |
Base: stellen = place upright
SETZEN
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| einsetzen | deploy/use |
| fortsetzen | continue |
| übersetzen | translate/ferry across |
| umsetzen | implement |
| aussetzen | suspend/expose |
Base: setzen = set/place
ZIEHEN
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| anziehen | put on/clothe |
| umziehen | move/change clothes |
| einziehen | move in/collect |
| erziehen | raise/educate |
| durchziehen | pull through |
Base: ziehen = pull
TRAGEN
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ertragen | endure |
| vortragen | present |
| übertragen | transfer/broadcast |
| eintragen | register |
| beitragen | contribute |
Base: tragen = carry/wear
FAHREN
| Derived verb | Meaning |
|---|---|
| abfahren | depart |
| anfahren | approach/start driving |
| mitfahren | ride along |
| umfahren | run over / drive around |
| verfahren | get lost driving |
Base: fahren = drive/go
5. MOST IMPORTANT IRREGULAR/STRONG VERBS
These appear constantly and are worth memorizing EARLY.
| Infinitive | Präteritum | Partizip II |
|---|---|---|
| sein | war | gewesen |
| haben | hatte | gehabt |
| werden | wurde | geworden |
| gehen | ging | gegangen |
| kommen | kam | gekommen |
| nehmen | nahm | genommen |
| geben | gab | gegeben |
| sehen | sah | gesehen |
| sprechen | sprach | gesprochen |
| helfen | half | geholfen |
| finden | fand | gefunden |
| bleiben | blieb | geblieben |
| schreiben | schrieb | geschrieben |
| lesen | las | gelesen |
| schlafen | schlief | geschlafen |
| fahren | fuhr | gefahren |
| essen | aß | gegessen |
| trinken | trank | getrunken |
| denken | dachte | gedacht |
| bringen | brachte | gebracht |
| wissen | wusste | gewusst |
| kennen | kannte | gekannt |
| halten | hielt | gehalten |
| laufen | lief | gelaufen |
| tragen | trug | getragen |
| ziehen | zog | gezogen |
| sitzen | saß | gesessen |
| stehen | stand | gestanden |
6. VERBS THAT TEACH PREFIX LOGIC
German becomes MUCH easier once prefixes “click”.
Common separable prefixes
- an- → toward/on
- ab- → away/down/off
- auf- → up/open
- aus- → out
- ein- → in
- mit- → with
- nach- → after
- vor- → before/forward
- weg- → away
- zurück- → back
- zu- → toward/closed
Common inseparable prefixes
- be-
- emp-
- ent-
- er-
- ge-
- miss-
- ver-
- zer-
Once you know a base verb like nehmen, you suddenly understand:
- mitnehmen
- aufnehmen
- übernehmen
- abnehmen
- zunehmen
- entnehmen
- vernehmen
WITHOUT learning them from zero.
7. THE MOST IMPORTANT “MOVEMENT/STATE” TRIADS
These are HUGE in German.
| Static | Movement | Causing movement |
|---|---|---|
| sitzen | sich setzen | setzen |
| stehen | sich stellen | stellen |
| liegen | sich legen | legen |
This distinction is VERY German and appears everywhere.
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