Greetings and farewells (Grüße und Verabschiedungen)
Grüße /ˈɡʁyːsə/ und /ʊnt/ Verabschiedungen /fɛʁˈapʃiːdʊŋən/
| German | English | French |
|---|---|---|
| Hallo /ˈhaloː/ | Hello /həˈloʊ/ | Bonjour /bɔ̃ʒuʁ/ / Salut /sa.ly/ (informel) |
| Guten Morgen /ˈɡuːtən ˈmɔʁɡən/ | Good morning /ɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ | Bonjour /bɔ̃ʒuʁ/ |
| Guten Tag /ˈɡuːtən taːk/ | Good day /ɡʊd deɪ/ | Bonne journée /bɔn ʒuʁ.ne/ |
| Guten Abend /ˈɡuːtən ˈaːbnt/ | Good evening /ɡʊd ˈiːvnɪŋ/ | Bonsoir /bɔ̃swaʁ/ |
| Grüß Gott /ɡʁyːs ˈɡɔt/; infinitive: grüben = greet/saluer | Greeting in southern Germany/Austria (literally "God greet you") | Bonjour (dans le sud de l'Allemagne / Autriche) /bɔ̃ʒuʁ/ |
| Servus /ˈzɛʁvʊs/ | Hi/Hello (common in southern Germany and Austria) /haɪ/ | Salut /sa.ly/ / Bonjour /bɔ̃ʒuʁ/ (sud de l'Allemagne et Autriche) |
| Moin /mɔɪn/ | Hello (common in northern Germany) /hɛloʊ/ | Bonjour /bɔ̃ʒuʁ/ (nord de l'Allemagne) |
| Hey /heɪ/ | Hi (informal) /haɪ/ | Salut /sa.ly/ (informel) |
| Willkommen /vɪlˈkɔmən/ | Welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ | Bienvenue /bjɛ̃.və.nu/ |
| Freut mich /fʁɔʏt mɪç/ | Nice to meet you /naɪs tə miːt juː/ | Enchanté(e) /ɑ̃.ʃɑ̃.te/ |
| Wie geht’s?; infinitive: gehen = go/aller /viː ɡeːts/ | How’s it going? /haʊz ɪt ˈɡoʊɪŋ/ | Ça va ? /sa va/ |
| Wie geht es dir? /viː ɡeːt ɛs diːɐ/ | How are you? (informal, to one person) /haʊ ɑːr juː/ | Comment vas-tu ? (informel) /kɔ.mɑ̃ va tʏ/ |
| Wie geht es Ihnen? /viː ɡeːt ɛs ˈiːnən/ | How are you? (formal) /haʊ ɑːr juː/ | Comment allez-vous ? (formel) /kɔ.mɑ̃ a.le vu/ |
| Wie geht es euch? /viː ɡeːt ɛs ɔʏ̯ç/ | How are you? (informal, to more than one person) /haʊ ɑːr juː/ | Comment allez-vous ? (informel, à plusieurs personnes) /kɔ.mɑ̃ a.le vu/ |
| Alles klar? /ˈaləs klaːʁ/ | All good? /ɔːl ɡʊd/ | Tout va bien ? /tu va bjɛ̃/ |
| Na? /naː/ | Hey, what’s up? /heɪ, wʌts ʌp/ | Salut, ça va ? /sa.ly, sa va/ |
| Lange nicht mehr gesehen! /ˈlaŋə nɪçt mɛʁ ɡəˈzeːən/ | Long time, no see! /lɒŋ taɪm, nəʊ siː/ | Ça fait longtemps ! /sa fɛ lɔ̃tɑ̃/ |
| Was gibt's Neues? /vas ɡɪpts nɔʏəs/ | What's new? /wɒts njuː/ | Quoi de neuf ? /kwa də nœf/ |
| Mir geht es gut. Und dir? /miːʁ ɡeːt ɛs ɡuːt, ʊnt diːɐ/ | I’m doing well. And you? /aɪm ˈduːɪŋ wɛl. ənd juː/ | Ça va bien. Et toi ? /sa va bjɛ̃. e twa/ |
| Mir geht es gut. Und Ihnen? /miːʁ ɡeːt ɛs ɡuːt, ʊnt ˈiːnən/ | I’m doing well. And you? (formal) /aɪm ˈduːɪŋ wɛl. ənd juː/ | Ça va bien. Et vous ? (formel) /sa va bjɛ̃. e vu/ |
| Es geht. /ɛs ɡeːt/ | It’s going /ɪts ˈɡoʊɪŋ/ | Ça va / sa va / |
| Alles klar. /ˈaləs klaːʁ/ | All good. /ɔːl ɡʊd/ | Tout va bien. /tu va bjɛ̃/ |
| Danke, gut. /ˈdaŋkə ɡuːt/ | Thank you, good. /ˈθæŋk juː, ɡʊd/ | Merci, ça va bien. /mɛʁ.si, sa va bjɛ̃/ |
| Nicht schlecht. /nɪçt ʃlɛçt/ | Not bad. /nɒt bæd/ | Pas mal. /pa mal/ |
| Auf Wiedersehen /aʊ̯f ˈviːdɐzeːən/ | Goodbye (formal) /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ | Au revoir /o ʁə.vwaʁ/ (formel) |
| Tschüss /tʃʏs/ | Bye (informal) /baɪ/ | Salut / sa.ly / Bye /baɪ/ (informel) |
| Tschau /tʃaʊ/ / Ciao /ˈtʃaʊ/ | Bye (informal) /baɪ/ | Salut / sa.ly / Ciao /ˈtʃaʊ/ (informel) |
| Bis bald /bɪs balt/ | See you soon /siː juː suːn/ | À bientôt /a bjɛ̃.to/ |
| Bis später /bɪs ˈʃpɛːtɐ/ | See you later /siː juː ˈleɪtə/ | À plus tard /a ply taʁ/ |
| Bis morgen /bɪs ˈmɔʁɡən/ | See you tomorrow /siː juː təˈmɒrəʊ/ | À demain /a də.mɛ̃/ |
| Bis dann /bɪs dan/ | See you then /siː juː ðɛn/ | À plus /a ply/ |
| Mach’s gut /maχs ɡuːt/ | Take care (informal) /teɪk keə(r)/ | Prends soin de toi /pʁɑ̃ swɛ̃ də twa/ (informel) |
| Schönen Tag noch /ˈʃøːnən taːk nɔx/ | Have a nice day /hæv ə naɪs deɪ/ | Bonne journée /bɔn ʒuʁ.ne/ |
| Schönen Abend noch /ˈʃøːnən ˈaːbnt nɔx/ | Have a nice evening /hæv ə naɪs ˈiːvnɪŋ/ | Bonne soirée /bɔn swaʁ.e/ |
| Gute Nacht /ˈɡuːtə naχt/ | Good night /ɡʊd naɪt/ | Bonne nuit /bɔn nɥi/ |
| Leb wohl /leːp voːl/ | Farewell (formal and rare, used for longer or permanent goodbyes) /ˈfɛəwɛl/ | Adieu /a.djø/ (formel, rarement utilisé pour des adieux plus longs ou définitifs) |
| Schön, dich zu sehen /ʃøːn, dɪç tsuː ˈzeːən/ | Nice to see you (informal) /naɪs tə siː juː/ | Content(e) de te voir /kɔ̃.tɑ̃(t)(ə) də tə vwaʁ/ (informel) |
| Schön, Sie zu sehen /ʃøːn, ziː tsuː ˈzeːən/ | Nice to see you (formal) /naɪs tə siː juː/ | Content(e) de vous voir /kɔ̃.tɑ̃(t)(ə) də vu vwaʁ/ (formel) |
| Schönes Wochenende /ˈʃøːnəs ˈvɔxənˌʔɛndə / | Have a nice weekend /hæv ə naɪs ˈwiːkˌɛnd/ | Bon week-end /bɔ̃ wi.kɛ̃d/ |
| Schönen Feierabend /ˈʃøːnən ˈfaɪɐˌʔaːbnt/ | Have a good end of the workday /hæv ə ɡʊd ɛnd əv ðə wɜːrkdeɪ/ | Bonne fin de journée (après le travail) /bɔn fɛ̃ də ʒuʁ.ne/ |
| Viel Glück /fiːl ɡlʏk/ | Good luck /ɡʊd lʌk/ | Bonne chance /bɔn ʃɑ̃s/ |
| Alles Gute /ˈaləs ˈɡuːtə/ | All the best /ɔːl ðə bɛst/ | Tout de bon /tu də bɔ̃ / Tous mes vœux /tu mɛ vø/ |
Aunque en otros contextos podrías esperar que fuera en nominativo (ya que no es un objeto directo típico de una acción), en expresiones de saludo como "Guten Morgen," "Guten Tag," o "Guten Abend," se utiliza el caso acusativo. Esto viene de una estructura en la que originalmente el saludo implicaba algo así como "Ich wünsche dir einen guten Morgen" (Te deseo una buena mañana). Con el tiempo, la frase se acortó a simplemente "Guten Morgen", pero conservando el caso acusativo. Muchas expresiones formales o corteses en alemán usan esta estructura. Al usarse el acusativo, el alemán conserva una forma antigua y formula el saludo como un deseo, aunque no esté explícitamente en la frase.
Here's a breakdown of the German expression "Wie geht's?":
Wie: This means "how" in English. It's used to ask about the state or condition of something or someone.
geht's: This is a shortened form of "geht es," which literally means "goes it." In this context, it translates to "is it going?" or "how is it going?" It's a colloquial way of asking someone how they're doing. The verb "gehen" (to go) is used in a figurative sense here, meaning "to be" or "to be doing."
Let's break down "Wie geht es dir?":
Wie: "how".
geht: This is the third-person singular form of the verb "gehen" (to go).
es: which is a neutral, pronoun acts as a placeholder subject (referring to the situation or state).
dir is the dative pronoun referring to the person being asked about.It translates as "to you" or "for you." In German, certain verbs require specific cases, and with "gehen" in this context, it takes the dative case.
Alles klar?:
Alles: It is an indefinite pronoun in the nominative case, meaning "everything" or "all." It serves as the subject of the sentence.
klar: This is an adjective, meaning "clear" or "understood." Adjectives in German don’t change when used with the nominative case in this context.
Here's a breakdown of the phrase "Lange nicht mehr gesehen!" in German. The structure is slightly informal but common in casual speech.:
Lange: Normally, "lange" is an adjective meaning "long," but here it is nominalized, meaning it takes on the role of a noun. When adjectives are nominalized in German, they can act as subjects or objects. In this case, "lange" refers to a long time, and it functions as the subject of the sentence.
nicht: adverb that means "not."
mehr: adverb that means more. In combination with nicht, it often means "no longer" or "anymore."
gesehen: past participle of "sehen" (to see).
Was gibt's Neues? = "Was gibt es Neues?"
Nominalized adjective: "Neu" (the adjective) means "new". When it's used as a noun, it becomes "Neues" (meaning "something new" or "news").
Gender: "Neues" is neuter in gender. This is because nominalized adjectives that are abstract or general (like "new things" or "news") tend to take the neuter gender in German.
Case: "Neues" is in the accusative case because it's the direct object of the verb "gibt" (from "geben", "to give"). The verb "geben" often takes an accusative object.
Declension: When nominalized, adjectives in German are declined just like regular nouns. The nominative singular form of "neu" becomes "Neues" in the accusative singular form, and because "Neues" is neuter, it keeps the neuter ending "-es".
"Mach’s gut" is an informal, friendly expression used to say goodbye or wish someone well. It’s roughly equivalent to "Take care" or "Do well" in English.
"Mach" = Do (imperative form of "machen")
"’s" = It (shortened form of "es")
"gut" = Well (good). In this context, it functions like an adverb.
Schönen Tag noch:
Schönen: This is the accusative form of the adjective "schön" (meaning "nice" or "beautiful"). The adjective is declined here because it's referring to "Tag" (day), which is a masculine noun in German.
Tag: This means "day" and is in the accusative case because it's the object of the implied action (i.e., you're wishing the person to have a good day).
noch: This is an adverb that literally means "still" or "yet", but in this context, it adds a sense of wishing someone well before they leave. It's like saying "for the rest of the day" or "still" (i.e., "I hope you have a nice day from now on").
"Freut mich" literalmente significa "me alegra" o "me da gusto". Se usa comúnmente como una forma breve de decir "Nice to meet you" en inglés o "Mucho gusto" en español cuando conoces a alguien.
Freut – Proviene del verbo "freuen", que significa "alegrar" o "dar gusto". En esta frase, "freut" es la forma en tercera persona singular del presente del verbo. (er/sie/es) = (he/she/it)
"Freuen" es un verbo que generalmente exige el acusativo cuando se refiere a la persona que experimenta la alegría o el agrado. En expresiones como "Freut mich", la acción recae en el pronombre "mich" (acusativo), indicando a quién le produce alegría el hecho.
"Mich" es el pronombre de primera persona en acusativo, equivalente a "me" en inglés o "me" en español. Se usa aquí como el objeto directo de la acción, indicando a quién le "alegra" o le "da gusto" el hecho.
Here's a breakdown of the German expression "Wie geht's?":
Wie: This means "how" in English. It's used to ask about the state or condition of something or someone.
geht's: This is a shortened form of "geht es," which literally means "goes it." In this context, it translates to "is it going?" or "how is it going?" It's a colloquial way of asking someone how they're doing. The verb "gehen" (to go) is used in a figurative sense here, meaning "to be" or "to be doing."
Let's break down "Wie geht es dir?":
Wie: "how".
geht: This is the third-person singular form of the verb "gehen" (to go).
es: which is a neutral, pronoun acts as a placeholder subject (referring to the situation or state).
dir is the dative pronoun referring to the person being asked about.It translates as "to you" or "for you." In German, certain verbs require specific cases, and with "gehen" in this context, it takes the dative case.
Alles klar?:
Alles: It is an indefinite pronoun in the nominative case, meaning "everything" or "all." It serves as the subject of the sentence.
klar: This is an adjective, meaning "clear" or "understood." Adjectives in German don’t change when used with the nominative case in this context.
Here's a breakdown of the phrase "Lange nicht mehr gesehen!" in German. The structure is slightly informal but common in casual speech.:
Lange: Normally, "lange" is an adjective meaning "long," but here it is nominalized, meaning it takes on the role of a noun. When adjectives are nominalized in German, they can act as subjects or objects. In this case, "lange" refers to a long time, and it functions as the subject of the sentence.
nicht: adverb that means "not."
mehr: adverb that means more. In combination with nicht, it often means "no longer" or "anymore."
gesehen: past participle of "sehen" (to see).
Was gibt's Neues? = "Was gibt es Neues?"
Nominalized adjective: "Neu" (the adjective) means "new". When it's used as a noun, it becomes "Neues" (meaning "something new" or "news").
Gender: "Neues" is neuter in gender. This is because nominalized adjectives that are abstract or general (like "new things" or "news") tend to take the neuter gender in German.
Case: "Neues" is in the accusative case because it's the direct object of the verb "gibt" (from "geben", "to give"). The verb "geben" often takes an accusative object.
Declension: When nominalized, adjectives in German are declined just like regular nouns. The nominative singular form of "neu" becomes "Neues" in the accusative singular form, and because "Neues" is neuter, it keeps the neuter ending "-es".
"Mach’s gut" is an informal, friendly expression used to say goodbye or wish someone well. It’s roughly equivalent to "Take care" or "Do well" in English.
"Mach" = Do (imperative form of "machen")
"’s" = It (shortened form of "es")
"gut" = Well (good). In this context, it functions like an adverb.
Schönen Tag noch:
Schönen: This is the accusative form of the adjective "schön" (meaning "nice" or "beautiful"). The adjective is declined here because it's referring to "Tag" (day), which is a masculine noun in German.
Tag: This means "day" and is in the accusative case because it's the object of the implied action (i.e., you're wishing the person to have a good day).
noch: This is an adverb that literally means "still" or "yet", but in this context, it adds a sense of wishing someone well before they leave. It's like saying "for the rest of the day" or "still" (i.e., "I hope you have a nice day from now on").
"Freut mich" literalmente significa "me alegra" o "me da gusto". Se usa comúnmente como una forma breve de decir "Nice to meet you" en inglés o "Mucho gusto" en español cuando conoces a alguien.
Freut – Proviene del verbo "freuen", que significa "alegrar" o "dar gusto". En esta frase, "freut" es la forma en tercera persona singular del presente del verbo. (er/sie/es) = (he/she/it)
"Freuen" es un verbo que generalmente exige el acusativo cuando se refiere a la persona que experimenta la alegría o el agrado. En expresiones como "Freut mich", la acción recae en el pronombre "mich" (acusativo), indicando a quién le produce alegría el hecho.
"Mich" es el pronombre de primera persona en acusativo, equivalente a "me" en inglés o "me" en español. Se usa aquí como el objeto directo de la acción, indicando a quién le "alegra" o le "da gusto" el hecho.
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