4. Around the world

  Here is the free A1 German course by DW Learn German: https://learngerman.dw.com/de/nicos-weg/c-36519687

Ich war schon in Berlin.

• eine Sehenswürdigkeit in Köln: [ˈaɪ̯nə ˈzeːənsvʏʁdɪçkaɪ̯t ɪn kœln] = a landmark or point of interest (literally: "a sight-worthiness") in Cologne (the city)
• der Kölner Dom: [deːɐ̯ ˈkœlnɐ doːm = the Cologne Cathedral (a famous landmark in Cologne, Germany)
• Warst du schon mal in Köln? [vaʁst du ʃoːn mal ɪn kœln] =  Have you ever been to Cologne? / Lit: Were you already ever in Cologne?
• Warst du noch nie in Deutschland? [vaʁst du nɔx niː ɪn ˈdɔʏtʃlant] = Have you never been to Germany?
• Warst: (you) were (past tense, second person singular of "sein", to be).
• du: you (informal, singular pronoun).
• noch: still, yet (in this context, it indicates "never" in a negative question).
• nie: never.
• in: in (preposition, indicating location).
• Deutschland: Germany (the name of the country)
• Jetzt habe ich Geschenke aus Köln. [jɛtst ˈhabə ɪç ɡəˈʃɛŋkə aʊs kœln] = Now I have gifts from Cologne. | das Geschenk
• Und welche Städte kennst du schon? [ʊnt ˈvɛlçə ˈʃtɛdə kɛnst du ʃoːn] =  And which cities do you already know?
• In Heidelberg war ich noch nie. [ɪn ˈhaɪdəlbɛʁk vaʁ ɪç nɔx niː] =  I have never been to Heidelberg.
• In: In (preposition, indicating location).
• Heidelberg: Heidelberg (a city in Germany).
• war: Was (past tense of the verb "sein", to be, used here in the first-person singular).
• ich: I (pronoun).
• noch: Still, yet (in this context, it emphasizes the "never" in negative sentences).
• nie: Never.
• Nächste Woche fahre ich nach München. [ˈnɛçstə ˈvɔxə ˈfaːrə ɪç naːx ˈmʏnçn̩] = Next week I will go to Munich.
• Nächste Woche: Next week (literally: "next week").
• fahre: I will go (first-person singular of the verb "fahren", to go or drive).
• ich: I (pronoun).
• nach: To (preposition, used with cities and countries).
• München: Munich (the name of the city in Germany).
• das Brandenburger Tor [das ˈbrændənbʊʁɡɐ tɔʁ] = The Brandenburg Gate
• Wir beide waren schon mal in Berlin. [viːɐ̯ ˈbaɪ̯də ˈvaːʁən ʃoːn mal ɪn bɛʁˈliːn] = We both have been to Berlin before.
• Wir beide: We both
• waren: were (past tense of "sein," to be)
• schon mal: before, ever (colloquial, implying "at some point in the past")
• in Berlin: in Berlin (the city)
• Wir waren sogar am Brandenburger Tor. [viːɐ̯ ˈvaːʁən zoˈɡaʁ am ˈbrændənbʊʁɡɐ tɔʁ] =We even were at the Brandenburg Gate.
• Was passiert zuerst und was danach? vas paˈsiːɐ̯t tsuˈʔeːɐ̯st ʊnt vas daˈnaːx/ = What happens first and what (happens) after that? | passieren
• Er begrüßt die Gäste. /eːɐ̯ bəˈɡʁyːst diː ˈɡɛstə/ = He greets the guests. | der Gast
• Über welche Städte sprechen Nico und seine neuen Freunde? /ˈyːbɐ ˈvɛlçə ˈʃtɛːtə ˈʃpʁɛçn̩ ˈniːko ʊnt ˈzaɪ̯nə ˈnɔʏən ˈfʁɔʏndə/ = About which cities are Nico and his new friends talking? | The preposition "über" means "about" or "concerning", referring to the topic of discussion. This usage of "über" always requires the accusative case
• der Neue Zollhof /deːɐ̯ ˈnɔʏəˈtsɔlˌhoːf/ = "Zoll" means "customs" and "Hof" means "court" or "yard," referring to a specific location related to customs duties or a customs office. The New Zollhof is the name of a well-known building complex in Düsseldorf, Germany. The complex is located in the MediaHarbor area and is famous for its modern architecture designed by architect Frank Gehry.
• Das Uhrenmuseum /das ˈʊʁənmuˌzeːʊm/ = the watch museum
• Der Stephansdom /deːɐ̯ ˈʃteːfansˌdoːm/ = St. Stephen's Cathedral
• Das Heidelberger Schloss /das ˈhaɪdl̩bɛʁɡɐ ˈʃlɔs/ = Heidelberg Castle
• Ich möchte gerne mal nach Hawaii fliegen. /ɪç ˈmœçtə ˈɡɛʁnə mal naχ haˈvaɪ̯ ˈfliːɡn̩/ = I would like to fly to Hawaii sometime.
• Ich = "I"
• möchte = "would like" (first-person singular form of "möchten," which is the subjunctive form of "mögen," meaning "to like")
• gerne = "gladly" or "with pleasure" (often used with verbs like "möchten" to express desire or willingness)
• mal = "sometime" or "once" (used here to indicate that the action might happen at an unspecified time in the future)
• nach = "to" (used when referring to traveling to a place)
• Hawaii = "Hawaii" (the name of the destination, which stays the same in both German and English)
• fliegen = "to fly" (infinitive form of the verb, indicating the action of flying)
• Ich möchte gerne mal München besuchen. /ɪç ˈmœçtə ˈɡɛʁnə mal ˈmʏnçn̩ bɛˈzuːxn̩/ = I would like to visit Munich sometime.
• Er möchte gerne nach Dresden fahren und die Semperoper besichtigen. /eːɐ̯ ˈmœçtə ˈɡɛʁnə naχ ˈdʁeːsdn̩ ˈfaːʁn̩ ʊnt diː ˈzɛmpɐˌʔoːpɐ bɛˈzɪçtɪɡn̩/ = He would like to drive to Dresden and visit the Semperoper.
• Wohin fahren Sie am Wochenende? /ˈvoːhɪn ˈfaːʁən ziː am ˈvɔːxənˌʊntə/ = Where are you going this weekend?
• Wie lautet die korrekte Form von „sein“?  /viː ˈlaʊtət diː kɔˈʁɛktə fɔʁm fɔn zaɪ̯n/ = What is the correct form of 'sein'? | lautet: "is" or "sounds" (from the verb "lauten," meaning "to be stated" or "to sound"
• Eltern waren letztes Jahr in Sevilla. /ˈɛltɐn ˈvaːʁən ˈlɛt͡stəs jaːʁ ɪn zɛˈviːlja/  = Parents were in Seville last year.
• Das war toll. /das vaːʁ tɔl/ = That was great.
• Begrüßung oder Verabschiedung? /bəˈɡʁyːsʊŋ ɔdɐ fɛʁˈapʃiːdʊŋ/ = Greeting or farewell?
• Wo waren Sie gestern? /voː ˈvaːʁən ziː ˈɡɛstɐn/ = Where were you yesterday?
• Was waren Sie gestern? /vas ˈvaːʁən ziː ˈɡɛstɐn/ = What were you yesterday?
• Wer waren Sie gestern? /veːʁ ˈvaːʁən ziː ˈɡɛstɐn/ = Who were you yesterday?

Wo liegt das?

• Wo liegt das? /voː liːkt das/ = Where is that located? or Where is that? | liegen: "to lie" or "to be situated
• Es gibt vier Teams /ɛs ɡɪpt fiːɐ̯ tiːms/ = There are four teams.
• der Osten: /ˈɔstn̩/ = East
• der Süden: /ˈzyːdn̩/ = South
• der Westen: /ˈvɛstn̩/ = West
• der Norden: /ˈnɔʁdn̩/ = North
• Gewinnen /ɡəˈvɪnən/ = win
• Dann fangt ihr an /dan faŋkt iːɐ̯ an/ = Then you start. | anfangen
• Gehen wir tanzen! /ˈɡeːən viːɐ̯ ˈtant͡sən/ = Let's go dance! 
• die Ereignisse /diː ʔɛˈʁaɪ̯ɡnɪsə/ = "the events" or "the occurrences"
• die Himmelsrichtung /ˈhɪməlzˌʁɪçtʊŋ/ = "cardinal direction" or "compass direction" | der Himmel: "sky" or "heaven"; die Richtung: direction
• der Nordosten /ˈnɔʁdˌʔɔstn̩/ = Northeast
• der Südwesten /ˈzʏtˌvɛstn̩/ = Southwest
• in der Nähe von /ɪn deːɐ̯ ˈnɛːə fɔn/ ="near" or "in the vicinity of" 
• in der Mitte von /ɪn deːɐ̯ ˈmɪtə fɔn/ = "in the middle of" or "in the center of"
• Wohnst du hier? /voːnst duː hiːɐ̯/ = Do you live here?
• Die Satzfrage /diː ˈzat͡sˌfʁaːɡə/ = "the yes/no question" or "the interrogative sentence"
• Bring die Wörter in der Satzfrage in die richtige Reihenfolge. /bʁɪŋk diː ˈvɛʁtɐ ɪn deːɐ̯ ˈzat͡sˌfʁaːɡə ɪn diː ˈʁɪçtɪɡə ˈraiənfɔlɡə/ = Put the words in the sentence question in the correct order
• der Aussagesatz /ˈaʊ̯z̥aɡəˌzat͡s/ =declarative sentence | aus: out; der Satz: saying or statement | "Ich gehe zur Schule." (I am going to school.) This is an Aussagesatz because it simply provides information rather than asking a question or giving an order.
• die W-Frage /veːˈfʁaːɡə/ = "W-question" or "question starting with a W-word"
• die Gasse = alley or street
• die Hauptstadt /diː ˈhaʊ̯ptʃtat/ = the capital city | haupt = "main" or "primary"; die Stadt = city
• der See /deːɐ̯ zeː/ = the lake/sea

In Europa.

• Spezialitäten aus verschiedenen Ländern /ʃpɛtsi̯aˈlɛːtɛtn̩ aʊ̯s fɛɐ̯ˈʃiːdənən ˈlɛndɐn/ = Specialties from different countries. | die Spezialität; das Land
• Ihr müsst die Fähnchen zuordnen. /iːɐ̯ mʏst diː ˈfɛːnçən tsuˈʊʁdnən/ = You must assign/match the little flags. | singular: das Fähnchen; plural: die Fähnchen
• Das ist ja einfach! /das ɪst ja ˈaɪ̯nfaχ/ = That's so easy!
• Ich gehe nächstes Jahr nach Norwegen. /ɪç ˈɡeːə ˈnɛçstəs jaːʁ nax ˈnɔʁveːɡn̩/ = I am going to Norway next year.
• Nimmst du mich mit? /nɪmst du mɪç mɪt/ = "Are you taking me with you?" or "Will you take me with you?"
• Gar nicht so schlecht! /ɡaːr nɪçt zoː ʃlɛçt/ = "Not so bad at all!" or "Not bad at all!" | gar nicht = "not at all" or "not really" (an expression used to emphasize a lack of something, often with a positive or surprised tone)
• Welche Ländernamen hörst du? /ˈvɛlc\c​əˈlɛːndɐˌnaːmənhœʁstdu/ = Which country names do you hear?
• Welche Ländernamen hörst du? /ˈvɛlc\c​əˈlɛːndɐˌnaːmənhœʁstdu/ = Which country names do you hear?

Andere Länder.

[ˈandərə ˈlɛndɐ] other countries

Without an Article:

• Nominative: andere Länder
  (Other countries are interesting.)
• Accusative: andere Länder
  (I visit other countries.)
• Dative: anderen Ländern
  (I talk about other countries.)
• Genitive: anderer Länder
  (The culture of other countries is unique.)

With a Definite Article:

• Nominative: die anderen Länder
• Accusative: die anderen Länder
• Dative: den anderen Ländern
• Genitive: der anderen Länder

• Der Flüchtling /ˈflʏçtlɪŋ/ = refugee
• Darf Selma in Deutschland bleiben? /daʁf ˈzɛlma ʔɪn ˈdɔʏtʃlant ˈblaɪbən/ = Can Selma stay in Germany? | The verb "darf" is the 3rd person singular form of the verb "dürfen" in the present tense. "dürfen" means "to be allowed to" or "may", indicating permission or possibility.
• Sie hat noch keine Aufenthaltserlaubnis. /ziː hat nɔx ˈkaɪnə ˈaʊfʔɛntʰaltstɛʁˌalʊpnɪs/ = She doesn't have a residence permit yet.
• Sie: she
• hat: has
• noch: yet
• keine: no (used here in the sense of "none" or "not any")
• Aufenthaltserlaubnis: residence permit (literally, "stay permission")
• die Aufenthaltserlaubnis (the residence permit): Aufenthalt (stay or residence) | Erlaubnis /ɛɐˈlaupnɪs/ (permission/permit/license)
• Ein bisschen /aɪn ˈbɪsçən/ = un poco
• Italienisch /ɪtaˈliːnɪʃ/ = Italian (language or relating to Italy)
• Chinesisch /ˈʧiːnɛzɪʃ/ = Chinese (language or relating to China)
• Französisch /fʁanˈt͡søːzɪʃ/ =  French (language or relating to France)
• schlecht /ʃlɛçt/ = bad, poor
• Muttersprache oder Fremdsprache? /ˈmʊtɐˌʃpʁaːxə ˈoːdɐ ˈfʁɛntˌʃpʁaːxə/ =Mother tongue or foreign language?
• die Herkunft /ˈheːɐkʊnft/ = origin
• Nachbarländer /ˈnaχbaʁˌlɛndɐ/ = neighboring countries | das Nachbarland /ˈnaχbaʁˌlant/
• die Amtssprache /diː ˈʔamtˌʃpʁaːxə/ = official language